Summary of Article 1:
The present article is about critical thinking, its foundation and also about what various critics have said about critical thinking.
Socrates discovered the method of probing. The roots of critical thinking are ancient. According to Socrates, people cannot make any justifications for the claim that they make because they lack critical thinking and logical assumptions. Though the person is of high status and powerful, he has no any reasoning. So, in his method of questioning, he puts more emphasis on clarity of thinking and logical consistency. Aristotle and other Greek skeptics emphasized that things are very different from what they appear to be and this difference can be clearly distinguished only by the person who thinks critically. The Middle Age scholar, Thomas Aquinas also points out that critical thinkers do not always reject established beliefs but only those beliefs that lack adequate reasoning.
In England Hobbes and Locke who belonged to 16th and 17th century advocated the importance of critical thinking saying that it opens learning to the new perspectives. Hobbes said that everything in the world should be explained with evidences whereas Locke advocated a common sense analysis of everyday life. The French Enlightenments Bayle, Voltaire and Diderot favored significance of reason saying that it strenghthens and determines the thought.
According to the common denominators, critical thinking naturally requires…
• Systematic monitoring of thoughts
• Recognition of data, interpretation, concepts and basic inferences
The fundamental elements of critical thinking are thought and reasoning. If students have clarity in thought and consistency in logic, they can be taught critical thinking moves in any subject. They do not need to be taught a particular subject simply but it should have a touch of reasoning. Classes can be organized in a way that students learn to think with reference to subject and develop skills and abilities.
The present article is about critical thinking, its foundation and also about what various critics have said about critical thinking.
Socrates discovered the method of probing. The roots of critical thinking are ancient. According to Socrates, people cannot make any justifications for the claim that they make because they lack critical thinking and logical assumptions. Though the person is of high status and powerful, he has no any reasoning. So, in his method of questioning, he puts more emphasis on clarity of thinking and logical consistency. Aristotle and other Greek skeptics emphasized that things are very different from what they appear to be and this difference can be clearly distinguished only by the person who thinks critically. The Middle Age scholar, Thomas Aquinas also points out that critical thinkers do not always reject established beliefs but only those beliefs that lack adequate reasoning.
In England Hobbes and Locke who belonged to 16th and 17th century advocated the importance of critical thinking saying that it opens learning to the new perspectives. Hobbes said that everything in the world should be explained with evidences whereas Locke advocated a common sense analysis of everyday life. The French Enlightenments Bayle, Voltaire and Diderot favored significance of reason saying that it strenghthens and determines the thought.
According to the common denominators, critical thinking naturally requires…
• Systematic monitoring of thoughts
• Recognition of data, interpretation, concepts and basic inferences
The fundamental elements of critical thinking are thought and reasoning. If students have clarity in thought and consistency in logic, they can be taught critical thinking moves in any subject. They do not need to be taught a particular subject simply but it should have a touch of reasoning. Classes can be organized in a way that students learn to think with reference to subject and develop skills and abilities.
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